The Double Creation in Genesis
Each time the creations of the world contained in chapters 1, 2, and 3 of Genesis are read, many questions immediately arise. Among them: Why are there two different creations in the same book? Was the world created twice?
Many authors, exegetes, and scholars have not found a logical solution to clarify this duplication. Similarly, Christianity has developed different theological, philosophical, and even imaginative responses, but none have provided a satisfactory solution to this duality.
The Genesis Accounts: Divine Dictation or Human Interpretation?
Repeatedly, it has also been claimed that Genesis was dictated by God to Moses during the 40 years he spent in the desert. It is stated that both creations were dictated by the same God. However, the texts call God by different names: in Genesis 1, He is called Elohim, while in Genesis 2, He is named Yahweh. Furthermore, it is claimed that the order in which these narratives appear in the Bible is reversed. That is, the second creation contained in chapters 2 and 3 was dictated first, and then the first creation, found in chapter 1, was dictated afterward. Therefore, they should be read in reverse order, starting with the second creation and then reading the first one to understand them.
Authors and Eras of the Genesis Narratives
Several authors have concluded that the two narratives could not have been written by the same person but belong to different authors from different times. The first text has been labeled "Priestly," attributed to a group of Jewish priests from the 6th century B.C., and the second text, "Yahwist," dated to the late 8th century B.C.
These claims further complicate the matter by suggesting that either God made a mistake and dictated two creations to Moses—which seems contradictory given His omnipotence, omniscience, and immutability—or that Moses inexplicably reversed the order in which the creations were dictated to him.
Questioning Divine Uniqueness
The uniqueness of the Creator God, as affirmed by Christianity, becomes questionable when analyzing the actions and personalities of the two creators, which seem entirely different and opposed.
The First Creation: An Omnipotent and Benevolent God
In the first creation, contained in chapter 1 of Genesis and supposedly dictated by God to Moses, we are presented with a creator who is omnipotent, omniscient, omnipresent, immutable, and omnibenevolent. In this narrative, God's word immediately becomes reality. He needs no materials to create; His work follows a logical and chronological order, beginning with plants, continuing with animals, and finally, humans. The humans are given a clear mandate: to be fruitful, multiply, and rule over the creatures of the world.
In this account, God does not engage in dialogue, impose conditions, or punish. On the contrary, He approves and blesses all He has created, deeming it good. This God is not corporeal and does not resort to miracles or supernatural appearances, as He is not bound by reality.
The Second Creation: An Anthropomorphic God
When we move to the second creation, contained in chapters 2 and 3 of Genesis, it appears as though the previous creation never happened, as if everything begins anew. Why, if the world was already created in Genesis 1, does it need to be recreated in Genesis 2 and 3? And by a God with very different characteristics.
The God of the second creation is anthropomorphic, meaning He exhibits human characteristics both in form and behavior. This God engages in dialogue, imposes rules, criticizes, condemns, imposes sanctions, and even curses. He also needs various materials to create.
Different Gods, Different Narratives
Who attributed these anthropomorphic characteristics to the God of the second creation? Was it Moses when he received the dictation? Why didn’t he attribute the same characteristics to the God of the first creation if, according to Christianity, it was the same God?
However, the second creation, for numerous reasons, gives the impression that it was not dictated by a god but written much later than the first creation. Some authors point out striking parallels with Mesopotamian and Greek mythologies, suggesting that these stories may be adaptations of Sumerian myths dating back to around 6,000 B.C., rewritten with different intentions.
When reading this story, one can observe that the author or authors were not careful enough to avoid errors or inconsistencies that might generate doubts about the truth of what is expressed. To be continued.






